Easy to the point Definition:
The Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) is a design philosophy which defines how a solution should be build.
SOA design approach allow organizations with multiple technologies and platforms to build solutions which are re-useable and accessible across all systems without rewriting of code. All business technologies and functions are treated as services, these services are build to last for long time but service configurations are build for change. This approach creates a loosely-coupled systems which can be changed without spending more money. A loosely coupled system allow business processes to change more quickly as they are not dependent on underlying IT infrastructure.
A service oriented application means writing a highly dynamic, collaborative, stable, dependable application. A application which can act as service to all other business processes/systems without rewriting. The service should not be written for any specific system it should be consumable by any system. The service should use standard protocols (SOAP, XML) to exchange messages between each other. The service should be re-useable, work independently and must be manageable.
Web Services, WSDL, Remote Scripting are common examples of SOA.
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